Biology (Botany+Zoology) Question Paper | 2076-2019 | Subject Code-114B | Grade 11 | With Solution | NEB

Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable. The figures in the margin indicate full marks.

Also Check: (Last Update - November 4, 2020 - 19 Kartik, 2077)

Model Questions of NEB Grade 12-XII for the exam 2077-2020 | Download in PDF

Group 'A'

Botany

Attempt all questions.

1. Answer in short on any seven. [7×1=7]

a) What does it mean by eukaryotic cell?

Answer: Eukaryotic cell is a advanced cell which contains a well organized nucleus bounded by nuclear membrane i.e. true nucleus.

b) Define cell sap.

Answer: Cell sap is a kind of liquid which is present inside a vacuole, its pH value is slightly lower than surrounding cytoplasm.

c) State about plasmodesmata.

Answer: Plasmodesmata are the intercellular junctions in plant tissues which passes water and solutes from cell to cell.

d) What is species?

Answer: Species is a group of organisms or individuals which resemble with each other in all essential respects like morphology, physiology, embryology, etc and can interbreed freely to produce fertile young ones.

e) Elaborate bacillus.

Answer: Bacillus are the rod shaped or cylindrical bacteria which is single called is nature they exist in motile or non-motile forms.

f) Define hormogonia.

Answer: Hormogonia is a small segment of trichome with heterocyst formed by breaking of the filaments at the joint between heterocyst and ordinary vegetative cell in the Nostoc colony.

g) Mention about pin mould.

Answer: Mucor consists of sporangium borne at the tip of sporangiophore that resembles a head of pin, that is why it is commonly known as pin mould.

h) Illustrate hydrosphere.

Answer: Hydrosphere is the collection and composition of all of the water on or near the earth, oceans, rivers, lakes, moisture, etc. or hydrosphere is the collection of water bodies.

i) What is predation?

Answer: Predation is an interaction between members of two species in which members of one species captures kills, eats up the other member of species E.g. tigers and deers or the interaction between predator and prey in an ecosystem is called predation.

j) Define food web.

Answer: Food web is defined as the relationship in which a predation eats several types of instantly available foods which may not be in sequential order, that is why it is the outcome of the interaction between different types of food chains or the network of food chains of an ecosystem is called food web.

2. Describe in brief on any five. [5×3=15]

a) Functions of carbohydrate.

Answer: The functions of carbohydrates are-

i. Flavor and Sweeteners.

ii. Breakdown of fatty acids and preventing ketosis.

iii. Sparing the use of proteins for energy.

iv. Providing energy and regulation of blood glucose.

v. Biological recognition processes.

vi. Energy storage.

b) Types of lysosomes.

Answer: There are four types of lysosomes which are as follows:

i. Primary Lysosomes - Primary Lysosome is newly formed lysosomes which contains only inactive enzymes.

ii. Secondary Lysosomes - Secondary Lysosome is formed by the fusion of primary lysosomes with food carrying phagosomes and pinosomes. Secondary Lysosomes contains food and active enzymes and the digestion occurs inside it. Hence, Secondary Lysosomes is also called the digestive vacuole.

iii. Tertiary Lysosomes - Tertiary Lysosome is also called the residual bodies containing waste material and undigested food which are thrown out of cell by exocytosis.

iv. Autophagosome - Autophagosome is formed when there is a scarcity of foreign or outside food. In this condition primary lysosome digests reserved food or cell organelles. 

c) Kinds of chromosome.

Answer: There are four major types of chromosomes. They are -

i. Metacentric Chromosomes - Metacentric chromosomes have the centromere in the center, such that both sections are of equal length. Human chromosome 1 and 3 are metacentric.

ii. Submetacentric Chromosomes - Submetacentric chromosomes have the centromere slightly offset from the center leading to a slight asymmetry in the length of the two sections. Human chromosomes 4 through 12 are submetacentric.

iii. Acrocentric Chromosomes - Acrocentric chromosomes have a centromere which is severely offset from the center leading to one very long and one very short section. Human chromosomes 13,15, 21, and 22 are acrocentric.

iv. Telocentric Chromosomes - Telocentric chromosomes have the centromere at the very end of the chromosome. Humans do not possess telocentric chromosomes but they are found in other species such as mice.

d) Structure of Nostoc.

Answer: Nostoc is a genus of blue-green algae or cyanobacteria. They are prokaryotic and perform photosynthesis

The structure of Nostoc is as follow:
Trichome - A single unbranched filament of Nostoc is called trichome. Trichome is covered with mucilage sheath. A trichome consists of vegetative cells and heterocyst joined end to end and form a beaded chain-like appearance.

Vegetative Cells - Vegetative cells are thin walled smaller in size and round or oval in shape. They contain photosynthetic pigment and take part in photosynthesis. Also they are colourful.

Heterocyst - Heterocyst is the thick wall larger in size and round or oval in shape. They are colourless without photosynthetic pigment. So they do not take part in photosynthesis. Heterocyst help in reproduction and nitrogen fixation.

Colony - Several trichome aggregate together and surrounded by common mucilage sheath and colonies are formed. Colonies are round or ball like structure diameter of which may vary from few mm to 8 or 9 cm.

e) Economic importance of gymnosperm.

Answer: The economic importance of gymnosperm are-

i. Food value - Cycas young leaves are cooked as vegetables in some parts of the world. Cycads are good source of starch.

ii. Source of oil - Edible oil is extracted from the seeds of Cycas revoluta, Macrozamia riedlei, Pinus cembra and Cephalotaxus drupacea.

iii. Medicinal value - Cycus-gum: an antidote against snake bite and it is also used against malignant ulcers.

iv. Timber value - Gymnosperm woods have good durability and are light weight. It is used making furnitures and other construction process.

v. Industrial value - Newspaper, writing and printing papers are prepared from the wood pulp of Pinus, Picea and Abies for paper industries.

vi. Ornamental value - Many gymnosperm like cycas (leafy ornamental), zamia (leafy ornamental plant), pinus (avenue tree as bonsai), etc. 

f) Types of stem.

Answer: Description with various types ...

g) Significance of water management.

Answer: Description ...

3. Describe the structure and sexual reproduction in Marchantia with suitable diagrams. [7.5]

Answer: Figure and description ...

Or

Describe the family cruciferae in semi-technical terms with identifying characters, floral diagram and floral formula with two examples of economic value.

Answer: Description, floral diagram, floral formula, examples ...

4. Define ecosystem and describe the structural and functional aspects of pond ecosystem with suitable examples. [8]

Answer: Definition, description, figure with examples ...

Group 'B'

Zoology

Attempt all the questions:

1. Answer in short on any seven. [7×1=7]

a) What do you understand by apiculture?

Answer: Apiculture is a scietntific method of keeping honey bee for the production of honey.

b) Define genetic engineering.

Answer: Genetic engineering is defined as manipulation of gene for the betterment of human kind.

c) What is the first form of life?

Answer: The first form of llfe is anaerobic prokaryotic and chemoheterotrophic or eobiont, protobiont etc.

d) Define taxonomy.

Answer: Taxonomy is branch of biology in which particular organism is classified on the basis of characters present.

e) What is conjugation?

Answer: Conjugation is temporary union of two individuals of opposite strain for exchange of nuclear material.

f) Define the term haemocoelomate.

Answer: Haemocoelomate is defined as larger space where blood is present. It is found in cockroaches.

g) What is haemozoin?

Answer: Haemozoin is toxic substance produced from the breakdown of haemoglobin. It is produced by malarial parasite.

h) Give the scientific name of millipede and tiger.

Answer: Scientific name of millipede is Julus and tiger is Panthera tigris.

i) What is biological control of pest?

Answer: Biological control of pest is killing of pest by using natural enemy.

j) Define the term taxis.

Answer: Taxis is defined as movement toward or away against or in the presence of certain stimulus. For example earthworm moves away from sunlight.

2. Describe in brief on any five. [5×3=15]

a) Oparin-Haldane's theory.

Hint:

Oparin-Haldane's theory includes

• origin of earth
• chemogeny
• biogeny
• cognogeny

b) Liver schizogony in malarial parasite.

Hint:

Discuss various cycles of liver schizogony in malaria parasite like

• pre erythrocytic cycle
• exo erythrocytic cycle
• erythrocytic cycle
• post erythrocytic cycle

c) Structure and function of trichocyst.

Answer:

Structure of trichocyst are -

i. bag like

ii. long thread like structure enclosed with figure

Function of trichocyst are -

i. defense

ii. attachment

d) List out the sources of pollutants.

Answer: The list of sources of pollutants are -

i. household wastes,

ii. agricultural wastes,

iii. hospital wastes,

iv. industrial wastes,

v. noise from vehicles,

vi. excessive heat from nuclear reactors,

vii. radioactive substance.

e) Differentiate between chondrichthyes and oesteichthyes.

Answer: The differences between chondrichthyes and oesteichthyes are -

f) Terrestrial adaptations of animal.

Answer: Terrestrial adaptions of animal includes -

i. live on land.

ii. two pairs of limbs.

iii. well developed lungs for respiration.

iv. running, climbing, digging and flying also.

v. internal fertilization etc.

g) Causes of depletion of wild life.

Answer: The causes of depletion of wild life are -

i. deforestation.

ii. lack of favorable food.

iii. poaching.

iv. less space for move around.

v. pollution.

vi. lack of awareness.

3. What is portal system? Describe the venous system of frog. [7.5]

Hint: Meaning of portal system. Description of Veins to supply blood to various organs of body and Well labeled diagram.

Or

Describe the reproductive system of earthworm.

Hint: The reproductive system of earthworm includes -

i. male reproductive organs,

ii. female reproductive organs,

iii. diagram.

4. Explain the most accepted theory of origin of life on the earth. [8]

Hint: The most accepted theory of origin of life on the earth includes Oparin and Haldane theory.
meaning

Oparin Haldane theory includes:

i. origin of earth,

ii. chemogeny,

iii. biogeny,

iv. cognogeny.

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