Grade 6 | Science and Technology Notes of Unit 2 - Information Communication Technology | New Course 2078/2021
2.1 Technology
Test Your Concept:
1. Fill in the gaps with the correct words:
a) A plough is made by local technology.
b) A refrigerator is made by modern technology.
c) Simple technology is older than modern technology.
d) The tools made by the modern technology make our work easier than the tools made by local/simple technology.
Also Check:
Grade 6 | Science Notes - Measurement | Unit-1 | Lesson-1 (OLD COURSE)
Grade 6 | Science Notes - Force and Motion | Unit-2 | Lesson-2 (OLD COURSE)
Grade 6 | Science Notes - Machine | Unit-2 | Lesson-3 (OLD COURSE)
View These Too ... (Class 6 All Units Notes)
Grade 6 | Science and Technology Notes of Unit 1 - Scientific Learning | New Course 2078/2021.
Grade 6 | Science and Technology Notes of Unit 2 - Information Communication Technology | New Course 2078/2021
Grade 6 | Science and Technology Notes of Unit 3 - Living Organisms and Their Structure | New Course 2078/2021.
Grade 6 | Science and Technology Notes of Unit 4 - Biodiversity and Environment | New Course 2078/2021
2. Select the best option.
a) Which is an example of a modern device?
A) sickle
B) refrigerator
C) plough
D) bamboo basket
Answer: B) refrigerator
b) Why are induction, oven and mixer made with modern technology used?
A) easier
B) faster
C) both (A) and (B)
D) none
Answer: C) both (A) and (B)
c) What is the use of hoe?
A) complex work
B) tilling the land
C) cut down trees
D) none
Answer: B) tilling the land
Also Check:
Information and Communication | Chapter 2 | Grade-7 | Science and Technology Notes - New Course 2079-2081
Scientific Studies | Chapter 1 | Grade-7 | Science and Technology Notes - New Course 2079-2081
3. Differentiate between.
a) Simple technology and modern technology
Answer: The difference between simple technology and modern technology are given below;
| Simple Technology | Modern Technology |
|---|---|
| 1. Simple technology is a traditional technology which uses a simple way for making tools for the people. | 1. Modern technology is the advancement of old technology with new additions and modifications. |
| 2. More energy and more time is needed to use simple tools in simple technology. | 2. Less energy and less time is needed to use modern tools in modern technology. |
| 3. User can perform their work by using more effort and time in simple technology. | 3. User can perform their work easily and faster in modern technology. |
| 4. In order to dig the field, the plough is used. | 4. In order to dig the field, the tractor is used. |
| 5. For photography, film camera was used. | 5. For photography, digital camera is used. |
b) Coal iron and electric iron
Answer: The difference between coal iron and electric iron are given below;
| Coal Iron | Electric Iron |
|---|---|
| 1. A coal iron is an early version of a modern electronic iron. | 1. An electrical iron is the advancement of coal iron. |
| 2. Burning coal is needed for ironing process. | 2. Electricity is needed for ironing process. |
| 3. A coal iron is a poor performer because it cooled quickly and required constant heating. | 3. An electrical iron is a great performer because it's automatic once electricity is plugged in. |
4. Answer the following questions.
a) What is technology? Why is it used?
Answer: Technology is a science or knowledge put into practical use to solve problems or invent useful tools. Technology is used because to work fast, efficiently and easily.
b) What are simple and modern technologies? Give examples.
Answer:
The technology used to make the simple tools which make our daily activities fast, easy and comfortable is called simple technology. Examples of Simple technology are - khal, pitcher, iron, dhiki, theki, pani ghatta, chulo, janto, tuki, okhal, odan, lemon squeezer, etc.
The technology used to make modern tools which make our daily activities easy, fast and more accurate is called modern technology. Examples of Modern technology are - bus, car, moterbike, fridge, computer, heater, mixture, iron, induction, oven, etc.
#Define simple technology with examples.
#Define modern technology with examples.
c) Differentiate between simple and modern technologies used in agriculture.
Answer: The differences between simple and modern technologies used in agriculture are given below:
| Simple Technology used in Agriculture | Modern Technology used in Agriculture |
|---|---|
| 1. Plough is used to plough the field. | 1. Tractor is used to plough the field. |
| 2. A hand-fork is used to mix soil and organic matters. | 2. Drone, sprayer are used to mix organic matters. |
| 3. Pani ghatta, Dhiki, Jato are used for pounding and grinding the various types of grains such as wheat, rice, maize, etc. | 3. Electric motor rice mill, grinder mill are used for pounding and grinding the various types of grains such as wheat, rice, maize, etc. |
| 4. Kol or traditional sugarcane juicer is used to extract juice from stem of sugarcane. | 4. Juicer is used to extract juice from stem of sugarcane. |
| 5. Simple technology require more labour. | 5. Modern technology require less labour. |
| 6. Simple technology require more time and more energy to perform work. | 6. Modern technology perform their work quick and faster by using less time and less energy. |
| 7. Simple technology requires less skill. | 7. Modern technology requires more skills than of simple technology. |
| 8. The production and quality of grains are less better than of Modern technology. | 8. The production and quality of grains are less better than of Modern technology. |
d) A plough and a tractor do the same work. So, why do you think that the tractor was invented? Explain.
Answer: A plough and a tractor do the same work. The tractor was invented because it helps people to perform their work quicker and faster by using less time and less energy than the plough.
e) Name the tool given in the picture:
Answer:
i) Sickle
ii) Spade
iii) Axe
iv) Doko
v) Tractor
vi) Clock
vii) Boat
viii) Gagri
5. Observe the pictures and answer the following questions.
a) Name the tools in the pictures.
Answer:
i) Janto
ii) Pani ghatta
iii) Grinding mill
b) Which technology is used to make these tools?
Answer: Simple technology and modern technology are used to make these tools.
c) What are the similarities among these pictures?
Answer:
i) Janto and Pani ghatta are simple tools.
ii) Grinding mill is a modern tool.
The similarities among these pictures are-
i) They make our work easier.
ii) They make our work faster.
iii) They make our work comfortable.
d) What were the tools used before the invention of these tools?
Answer: The tools used before the invention of these tools were -
i) Sharpened sticks.
ii) Hammer stones.
iii) Spears.
iv) Nets.
v) Choppers.
vi) Harpoons.
vii) Scrapers rounded and pointed, etc.
2.2 Computer/2.3 Some examples of software/2.4 Spreadsheet/2.5 Multimedia
Test your concept:
1. Fill in the gaps:
a. The word "computer" originated from the Latin word computare.
b. Computer processes data with the help of a program or software.
c. The physical components that store data/instructions are called hardware.
d. RAM and ROM are two types of primary memory.
e. Secondary memory is also known as non volatile memory.
f. The computer built with a microprocessor is called micro computer.
g. The short cut key "Ctrl+S" is used to save a document.
h. Short cut key "Ctrl+C" is used to copy a selected text.
i. MSExcel is a popular spreadsheet program.
j. MSWord is a popular word processor program.
k. MS PowerPoint is a popular presentation program.
l. Ctrl+Home moves the cell pointer to the cell A1 in MSExcel.
2. Write whether the following statements are "True" or "False".
a. A group of programs is called hardware. False
b. RAM is also called primary memory. True
c. The keyboard is an output device. False
d. ROM is called the secondary memory of computer. False
e. Firmware is a program stored in ROM. True
f. MSWord is word designing software. False
g. A cell is intersection of column and row. True
h. Micro computer is the biggest in computer. False
i. Cell address 'A1' of MSExcel is called home cell. True
j. CPU is also called RAM. False
k. Laptop is a small computer which may run with battery. True
3. Match the following:
| Group A | Group B |
|---|---|
| a. Spreadsheet | i. Keyboard |
| b. RAM | ii. Worksheet |
| c. MSWord | iii. Physical component |
| d. ROM | iv. Printer |
| e. Hardware | v. Group of programs |
| f. Software | vi. Firmware |
| g. Input device | vii. Primary Memory |
| h. Output device | viii. Word Processor |
Answer:
a. Spreadsheet = ii. Worksheetb. RAM = vii. Primary Memory
d. ROM = vi. Firmware
e. Hardware = iii. Physical Component
f. Software = v. Group of programs
g. Input device = i. Keyboard
h. Output device = iv. Printer
UNIT 2 Information Communication Technology "EXERCISE":
1. Differentiate between the following:
a. Input Devices and Output Devices
Answer: The differences between Input Devices and Output Devices are as follows:
| Input Devices | Output Devices |
|---|---|
| 1. Input Devices accept data from users. | 1. Output Devices reflects data to users. |
| 2. Input Devices are directly commanded by users. | 2. Output Devices are commanded by processors. |
| 3. Input Devices help the computer in accepting data. | 3. Output Devices help the computer in displaying the data. |
| 4. The design of Input Devices are more complex. | 4. The design of Output Devices are less complex. |
| 5. Examples of Input Devices are - keyboard, mouse, scanner, light pen, card reader, microphone, touchscreen, joystick, webcam, etc. | 5. Examples of Output Devices are - monitor, printer, speaker, projector, etc. |
b. Printer and Monitor
Answer: The differences between Printer and Monitor are as follows:
| Printer | Monitor |
|---|---|
| 1. Printer is an output device which is connected to the computer via USB cables or wirelessly to produce paper copies that is displayed in monitor. | 1. Monitor is also an output device which is also called a display of a computer system. |
| 2. Printer is completely optional computer accessory. | 2. Monitor is more essential so we can see whats on our computer. |
| 3. Input Devices help the computer in accepting data. | 3. Output Devices help the computer in displaying the data. |
| 4. The design of Input Devices are more complex. | 4. The design of Output Devices are less complex. |
| 5. Examples of Input Devices are - keyboard, mouse, scanner, light pen, card reader, microphone, touchscreen, joystick, webcam, etc. | 5. Examples of Output Devices are - monitor, printer, speaker, projector, etc. |
c. RAM and ROM
Answer: The differences between Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only Memory (ROM) are as follows:
| Random Access Memory (RAM) | Read Only Memory (ROM) |
|---|---|
| 1. RAM is a volatile memory. | 1. ROM is a non-volitile memory. |
| 2. Data stored in RAM can be retrieved and altered. | 2. Data stored in ROM can only be read. |
| 3. RAM is a high-speed memory. | 3. ROM is much slower than the RAM. |
| 4. RAM stores data and programs temporarily. | 4. ROM stores data and programs permanently. |
| 5. The cost of RAM is comparatively high than ROM. | 5. The cost of ROM is comparatively low than RAM. |
| 6. RAM reads and writes data randomly. | 6. ROM only reads data. |
d. Hardware and Software
Answer: The differences between Hardware and Software are as follows:
| Hardware | Software |
|---|---|
| 1. Hardware are the physical parts of computer that can be seen and touched. | 1. Software is a group of programs that tells a computer exactly what to do. |
| 2. Hardware is manufactured. | 2. Software is developed and engineered. |
| 3. Hardware can not perform any task without software. | 3. Software cannot be executed without hardware. |
| 4. Hardware is not affected by computer viruses. | 4. Software is affected by computer viruses. |
| 5. Hardware can be replaced with new one if it is damaged. | 5. Software can be re-installed with backup copy if it is damaged. |
| 6. The examples of hardware are - keyboard, monitor, mouse, ROM, RAM, Printer, CPU, etc. | 6. The examples of software are - MS Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Photoshop, Illustrator, etc. |
e. Primary memory and Secondary memory
Answer: The differences between Primary Memory and Secondary Memory are as follows:
...
f. Modern technology and simple technology
Answer: The differences between Modern Technology and Simple Technology are as follows:
[Please check answer of 3 a) above.😊]
2. Answer the following questions: (Question answers of Grade 6 Science Unit 2 - Information Communication Technology.)
a. What is a computer? Write two important components of computer.
Answer: A computer is an electric device or machine that process raw data to give meaningful information.
Or,
A computer is an electronic machine that can perform different kinds of tasks according to a set of instructions given to it.
Or,
A computer is an electronic device or machine that accepts data from the user, processes them with the help of a program or software and produces output or meaningful information to the user using an output device.
The two components of computer are - i) Hardware and ii) Software.
b. Define software. Name some application software.
Answer: Software is a group of programs which are required to make computer hardware functional.
Or,
Software is a set of one or more programs that directs the internal operation of the computer.
The name of some application software are - Windows Operating System, PowerPoint, MSWord, MSExcel, Photoshop, Page maker, VLC Media Player, Google Chrome, Paint, Visual Studio, etc.
c. What are the basic activities of computer? Explain in brief.
#What is the basic working principle of a computer?
#What are the basic functions of a computer?
Answer: The basic activities of a computer are -
i) Input data and instructions,
ii) Process data,
iii) Output,
iv) Storage.
To perform the basic activities of a computer, input is given using input devices like, keyboard, mouse, touchscreen, digital camera, etc., CPU or processor process the data to produce required result, Output is produced through output devices like monitor, printer, speaker, etc. and the data and instructions are stored before or after processing in RAM, ROM, Registers, hard disk, CD's, DVD's, etc.
d. What are backup storage devices of computer? Why are they necessary in the computer system?
Answer: The backup storage devices of computer are Hard disc, CD's, DVD's, Blue ray disc, Pen drive, Memory chip, etc.
Backup storage devices are necessary in the computer system because they stores large amount of data, information and programs permanently. Also they do not erase their contents even if electricity is cut-off.
e. Define MSWord. Write any five important features of it.
Answer: Microsoft Word (MSWord) is a word processor developed by Microsoft Corporation of USA.
The five features of Microsoft Word (MSWord) are -
i) Allows reformatting of text of the document.
ii) Allows changing the font size, font style and colors.
iii) Allows inserting pictures in the file.
iv) Allows automatic spell checking.
v) Allows saving files in different locations.
f. Write the difference between "Copy-Paste" and "Cut-Paste".
Answer: The difference between "Copy-Paste" and "Cut-Paste" are -
| Copy-Paste | Cut-Paste |
|---|---|
| 1. Copy-Paste is used to make a duplicate copy of the selected text. | 1. Cut-Paste is used to move the highlited text from one location to another. |
| 2. In Copy-Paste, we need to hold down 'Ctrl' key and press 'C' for copying highlighted text. | 2. In Cut-Paste, we need to hold down 'Ctrl' key and press 'X' for cutting the highlighted text. |
| 3. In Copy-Paste, we need to hold down 'Ctrl' key and press 'V' to paste the copied text to the new location. | 3. In Cut-Paste, we need to hold down 'Ctrl' key and press 'V' to paste the cut text to the new location. |
g. What is formatting the text? Write different types of formatting.
Answer: To change the appearance and arrangement of the text is called the formatting the text. It makes the document attractive.
The different types of formatting are -
i) Character/Text formatting.
ii) Paragraph formatting.
iii) Page formatting.
iv) Document formatting.
h. What is alignment? Mention the different types of alignment.
Answer: Alignment of the text is the placement of text related to the margins of a page.
The different types of alignment supported by MSWord are -
i) Left alignment.
ii) Right alignment.
iii) Centre alignment.
iv) Justified.
i. What is a worksheet? Write any three applications of a worksheet.
#What is a spreadsheet? Write any three applications of a spreadsheet.
Answer: A worksheet or a spreadsheet is a software application that enables a user to store data in a tabular form.
Or,
A worksheet or a spreadsheet is a file made of rows and columns that helps sort, organize, and arrange data efficiently, and calculate numerical data.
The three applications of a worksheet or a spreadsheet are -
i) Employees, salary sheet.
ii) Students, result preparation and analysis.
iii) Sales report and analysis.
j. (Missing from text book)
k. What is MS-Excel? Write any four important features of it.
Answer: Microsoft Excel (MS-Excel) is the most popular and widely used spreadsheet program developed by Microsoft Corporation of USA.
The four important features of Microsoft Excel (MS-Excel) are -
i) MS-Excel provides a large number of functions that make our work easier.
ii) MS-Excel supports Graphical User Interface (GUI) which provides a user friendly environment.
iii) MS-Excel allows to work with multiple worksheets at a time.
iv) MS-Excel facilitates creating different types of graphs that help to analyse data.
l. Define cell. Write the home cell of MS-Excel.
Answer: The intersection of row and column is called a cell where data are entered.
The home cell of MS-Excel is A1. A1 is the cell address of the first cell.
m. Define fill handle. Write the functions of fill handle.
Answer: A fill handle is a small black square at the bottom right corner of any selected cell.
The functions of fill handle are -
i) Duplicate things.
ii) Create sequence.
iii) Delete things.
iv) Duplicate things faster.
v) Use flash fill.
n. What is multi-media technology? Write any three application sectors of multimedia technology.
Answer: The technology that combines computer hardware and software integrating or combining different media such as text, sound, graphics, animated videos, etc. is called multi-media technology.
The three application sectors of multi-media technology are - (choose any three)
i) Education.
ii) Gaming.
iii) Advertisement.
iv) Entertainment.
v) Research.
vi) Journalism.
vii) Communication.
viii) Social work purposes, etc.
o. Why is modern technology more popular?
Answer: Modern technology is more popular because it has helped the people to perform their work quick, fast and more comfortably by using less time and less energy.
p. Why should we conserve simple technologies?
Answer: We should conserve the simple technologies because the tools in simple technology are made in a simple way and can be used easily in our daily activities which make our work faster, easier and comfortable. Also, simple technologies help us providing learning environment and encouragement in focused research.
q. Name any five applications or uses of smartphone and computer.
#Write five applications of smartphone and computer.
#Write five uses of smartphone and computer.
Answer: The five applications or uses of smartphone and computer are -
Five applications of Smartphone:
i) Social media and communication.
ii) Games.
iii) Information.
iv) Entertainment
v) internet.
Five applications of Computer:
i) Home.
ii) Medical field.
iii) Education.
iv) Industry.
v) Business.
Or
Five uses of smartphone and computer:
i) Smartphones are used to communicate with people all over the world.
ii) The computer is used to evaluate complex arithmetical calculations.
iii) Smartphones and computers (They) are used to play video games for entertainment and relaxation.
iv) Smartphones and computers (They) are used to conduct research into various topics.
v) Smartphones and computers are used to make online payments and make transactions simpler.
r. List any three things that we have to remember while using computer and smartphone.
Answer: The three things that we have to remember while using computer and smartphone are -
i) We should not use these devices for a very long time as they can harm our eyes and slowly damage our retina.
ii) Exposure to unwanted things on internet may affect a child's growth mentally and physically.
iii) Using of these devices for a long time, chances of getting addicted to them are very high and which may keep us away from our families.
3. Write short-cut keys for the following:
a. To bold the text
Answer: Ctrl+B
b. To underline the text
Answer: Ctrl+U
c. To cut the selected text
Answer: Ctrl+X
d. To copy the selected text
Answer: Ctrl+C
e. To paste a text
Answer: Ctrl+V
f. To align text at the center
Answer: Ctrl+E
g. To align text on the left side
Answer: Ctrl+L
#From above grade/class-6 science notes of unit-2"Information Communication Technology" New Course 2078/2021, we hope students will be able to:
- Introduce simple and modern technology with examples.
- Tell about the use of mobile and computer in daily life.
- Define laptop, desktop, tablet, iPad and smartphones all as computer.
- Identify the various parts of a computer.
- Make general use of word processing, spreadsheet/worksheet, and presentation software.
#Thanks for visiting us. We are really happy providing the notes of Grade/Class-6 Science, Information Communication Technology Notes based on new course of year 2077-2078 of Unit-2 Information Communication Technology. Please leave comments or suggestions so that we can improve.😊
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