Scientific Studies | Chapter 1 | Grade-7 | Science and Technology Notes - New Course 2079-2081

Scientific-Studies-Chapter-1-Grade-7-Science-and-Technology-Notes-New-Course-2079-2081Grade-Class 7 Science and Technology Notes of Chapter-1 "Scientific Studies". Under Chapter-1 'Scientific Studies' of Class 7 Science subject, Students and teachers will be able to find the notes and solutions of fill in the blanks with suitable words, tick the correct alternatives (MCQs), match the followings, state whether the following statements are True or False, short answer questions, long answer questions, answer in a single word/single sentence, differentiate between, give reasons (explain),  diagrammatic questions, glossary, extra word meanings in Nepali language and extra question answers. The below science notes of Chapter-1 "Scientific Studies" of class-grade 7 is based on new curriculum of the year 2077/2078-2021 published by Government of Nepal, Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Curriculum Development Centre. Credit to "Vidyarthi Pustak Bhandar".

Test Your Concept

1. Fill in the blank by choosing suitable words.

a. Scientific learning is the ability to describe, explain and predict natural phenomena.

b. The survey and project work performed in the field are more informative.

c. We should not touch any chemicals inside the laboratory without getting knowledge about them.

d. Plants remove excess water in the form of vapour by the process of transpiration.

e. The process of inhalation and exhalation of air is important to the breathing process.

Also Check:

Energy In Daily Life | Chapter 7 | Grade-7 | Science and Technology Notes - New Course 2079-2081

Force and Motion | Chapter 6 | Grade-7 | Science and Technology Notes - New Course 2079-2081

Life Processes | Chapter 5 | Grade-7 | Science and Technology Notes - New Course 2079-2081

Biodiversity and Environment | Chapter 4 | Grade-7 | Science and Technology Notes - New Course 2079-2081

Living Beings and Their Structure | Chapter 3 | Grade-7 | Science and Technology Notes - New Course 2079-2081

Information and Communication | Chapter 2 | Grade-7 | Science and Technology Notes - New Course 2079-2081

Scientific Studies | Chapter 1 | Grade-7 | Science and Technology Notes - New Course 2079-2081

2. Multiple choice questions (MCQs):

i. What is the second section of a report?

A) procedures

B) topic

C) analysis

D) objective

Answer: D) objective

ii. What will happen at the end of the research process?

A) the hypothesis will always be approved

B) the hypothesis may be rejected

C) the hypothesis may be approved or rejected

D) all of the above

Answer: C) the hypothesis may be approved or rejected

iii. What is the first step of scientific learning?

A) making an observation

B) forming a hypothesis

C) conducting an experiment

D) predicting the result of the experiment

Answer: A) making an observation

iv. Which one of the following is considered a key to make scientific learning more effective?

A) story telling

B) group discussion

C) an educated guess that can be tested scientifically

D) a predictive statement for conducting an experiment

Answer: C) an educated guess that can be tested scientifically

3. Differentiate between:

a. practical work inside a laboratory and outside a laboratory

Answer: The difference between practical work inside a laboratory and outside a laboratory are as follows:

Practical work inside a laboratory	Practical work outside a laboratory
1. It includes lab equipments, chemicals, etc.	1. It is more about conservation of nature and practicals that includes natural things in their living areas.
2. Inside Laboratory, plant cell is observed under a microscope.	2. Outside Laboratory, parts of various plants are explored and find out their functions.
3. It can study micro organisms using an ultra microscope.	3. It can study agricultural tools and the type of metals.
4. It can identify the new characters from the chemicals used.	4. It can identify the types of natural resources from the field trips.
5. Inside laboratory, lab equipments and chemicals should be used properly and safely.	5. Outside laboratory, available objects from surroundings are used.

b. collage model and three-dimensional model

Answer: The difference between collage model and three-dimensional model are as follows:

Collage Model	Three-Dimensional Model
1. A collage model is a visual representation made by gluing various flat items onto a base.	1. A three-dimensional model (3D model) is a model of an object or event that refers to the process of creating a three-dimensional representation using specialized software.
2. It is usually like a two-dimensional art form.	2. It represents 3D model which can covey object's size, shape and texture.
3. Sticking pictures onto a paper or canvas is an example of collage model.	3. The globe is an example of a three-dimensional model built on scale.
4. It is easy to draw collage model shapes.	4. Three-dimensional model shapes are complex in drawing.

4. Give reasons:

a. Practical work is important in studying science.

Answer:

Practical work helps in developing the important skills that are required to succeed in the scientific research process. So, practical work is important in studying science.

Or,

The practical work is an essential part of teaching and learning scientific research process and experiments. Also, the practical work carried out by the students is essential feature of science education. So, practical work is important in studying science.

Or,

Practical work is important in studying science because science practical are one of the fundamental tools enabling students both to learn scientific knowledge, and how to do science.

Or,

Practical work is important in studying science because it helps to improve the communication skills of students in order to solve problems in science and thus become more motivated in science.

b. Experiment is important in scientific method.

Answer:

Experiment allows us to discover, test or explain various hypothesis and facts. So, experiment is important in scientific method.

Or,

Experiment plays many roles in science. One of its important roles is to test theories and to provide the basis for scientific knowledge. It can also call for a new theory, either by showing that an accepted theory is incorrect, or by exhibiting a new phenomenon that is in need of explanation. So, experiment is important in scientific method.

Or,

Experiment is a fundamental aspect and Science is learning through experimentation. So, experiment is important in scientific method.

c. We should follow the rules inside a laboratory.

Answer:

We should follow the rules inside a laboratory because there are many harmful chemicals which can effect our health and can be blast.

Or,

Inside laboratory, there might be instruments made from glass and ceramics as well as strong base, strong acids and other chemicals. If we do not follow the rules inside laboratory accidents may occur and it may takes lives.

Or,

We should follow the rules inside a laboratory to minimize the effects of accidents. 😊

d. Scientific learning has great importance.

Answer:

Scientific learning has great importance to identify questions and objects or events to understand about them, finding logical answers to our curiosity to make a decision and reach a conclusion.

Or,

Scientific learning gives students the opportunity to gain a better knowledge of how and why things function in surroundings. Science provides tangible or visual proof of many of the facts we see on the screen and in books. Students are able to increase their knowledge and remember information more effectively. So, scientific learning has great importance.

Or,

Scientific learning has great importance by following point of views.

i) Scientific learning/It provides knowledge.
ii) Scientific learning/It helps student's problem solving skills.
iii) Scientific learning/It can boost critical thinking.
iv) Scientific learning/It cultivate passion for learning.
v) Scientific learning/It uplift many disciplines.
vi) Scientific learning/It holds the key to future.
vii) Scientific learning/It helps to learn new technology.

e. The three dimensional model helps to understand the objects easy.

Answer:

Using models, we can describe and demonstrate how various machine and internal organs function. So, the three dimensional model helps to understand the objects easy.

Or,

The three dimensional model helps to understand the objects easy by following point of views.

i) Three dimensional model can improve productivity and ease of a work.

ii) Three dimensional model/It can increase equipment operation accuracy, enhance worksite efficiency and reduce costs.

iii) Three dimensional model/It can help audience by informing about the internal mechanisms of the machine or internal organs.

f. A report is written in the given format.

Answer:

The main idea of a report is to present facts about a specific topic, situation, or event. It's not about supporting ideas or hypotheses. The information must be presented in a clear and concise way. That's why the proper report writing format is essential. So, a report is written in the given format.

Or,

A report is written in the given format because a report is a short, sharp, concise document which is written for a particular purpose and audience.

5. Short answer type questions:

a. What is scientific learning?

Answer: Scientific learning is the use of scientific knowledge to identify questions and objects or events to understand about them, finding logical answers to our curiosity to make a decision and reach a conclusion.

b. Write any two examples of scientific questions.

Answer: The two examples of scientific questions are -

i) How did life begin?

ii) Are there other universe?

c. What is the difference between a demonstration project work and a research project work?

Answer: The difference between a demonstration project work and a research project work are -

Demonstration Project Work	Research Project work
1. It gives demos or perform a particular activity or concept.	1. It refers a certain scientific effort to answer a research question or a set of research question.
2. It includes replicating the experiments that have been done by other scientists to re-test and showcase the findings.	2. It use well-established facts and theories to systematically draw out new conclusions.
3. For demonstration project work, necessary information can be found from books and internet.	3. For research project work, new facts and theories takes long period of time to complete.

d. Define experimental project work.

Answer: Experimental project work is the most common project work in science. Experimental project means a programme of work having a defined scientific objective and involving one or more experiments.

Or,

A programme of work having a defined scientific objective and involving one or more experiments is called experimental project work.

e. What is a research project work?

Answer: Research project work is a certain scientific effort to answer a research question or a set of research question.

Or,

A scientific endeavor to answer a research question is called a research project work.

f. What is a report?

Answer: The detailed document that describes the aims, materials, methods, process, progress and results of practical work or the state of a scientific research problem is called a report.

Or,

A report is a document that describes the process, progress, and or results of technical or scientific research or the state of a technical or scientific research problem.

g. Define a collage model?

Answer: A collage model is a visual representation made by gluing various flat items onto a base.

h. What is 3D modelling?

Answer: A three-dimensional model (3D model) is a model of an object or event that refers to the process of creating a three-dimensional representation using specialized software.

i. Give an example of experiment in the scientific method.

Answer: An example of experiment in the scientific method is sublimation process.

(You may pick any - oxygen is essential to burn candles, distillation process, air takes the shape of the balloons, potted plant removing excess water from aerial parts, etc.)

7. Long answer type questions:

a. How do you conduct a scientific study?

Answer: We can conduct a scientific study by following steps:-

i) 1. Define a Question to Investigate.

ii) 2. Make Predictions.

iii) 3. Gather Data.

iv) Analyze the Data.

v) Draw Conclusions.

Or,

Scientific study can be conducted by following steps:-

i) Make an observation. Before a researcher can begin, they must choose a topic to study.

ii) Ask a question.

iii) Test your hypothesis and collect data.

iv) Explain the result and draw conclusion.

v) Report the results.

b. Write the characteristics of scientific knowledge.

Answer: The major characteristics of scientific knowledge includes the followings:-

i) Empirical,

ii) Objective,

iii) Accuracy,

iv) Systematic,

v) Ethical,

vi) Consideration,

vii) Reliable,

viii) Predictable.

c. How do you conduct a science experiment?

Answer: We can conduct a science experiment by following steps:-

i) State the hypothesis to be tested.

ii) Formulate a context.

iii) Design the experiment.

iv) Test the experimental apparatus.

v) Perform the experiment.

Or,

Science experiment can be conducted by following steps:-

i) Research.

ii) Problem.

iii) Hypothesis.

iv) Experimentation.

v) Results.

vi) Discussion/Conclusion.

vii) Writing the Report.

d. What are the most important laboratory safety rules?

Answer: The most important laboratory safety rules are -

i) Follow the instructions.

ii) Know the location of safety equipment.

iii) Dress for the lab.

iv) Don't eat or drink in the laboratory.

v) Don't taste or sniff Chemicals.

vi) Don't play Mad Scientist in the laboratory.

vii) Dispose a Lab Waste properly.

viii) Know what to do with Lab Accidents.

ix) Leave experiments at the lab.

x) Don't experiment on yourself.

Or,

Most important Laboratory safety rules are as follows:-

i) Do not taste or intentionally sniff chemicals.

ii) Never leave containers of chemicals open.

iii) Avoid distracting or startling persons working in the laboratory.

iv) Use equipment only for its designated purpose.

v) Know locations of laboratory safety showers, eye wash stations, and fire extinguishers.

vi) Know emergency exit routes.

vii) Avoid skin and eye contact with all chemicals.

viii) Minimize all chemical exposures.

ix) Assume that all chemicals of unknown toxicity are highly toxic.

x) Avoid wearing jewelry in the lab as this can pose multiple safety hazards.

xi) Designated and well-marked waste storage locations are necessary.

e. Write the importance of scientific study.

Answer: The important of scientific study are:

i) Scientific Study/ It's a tool for building knowledge and facilitating learning.

ii) Scientific Study/ It's a means to understand issues and increase public awareness.

iii) Scientific Study/ It helps us succeed in business.

iv) Scientific Study/ It allows us to disprove lies and support truths.

v) Scientific Study/ It is a means to find, gauge, and seize opportunities.

vi) Scientific Study/ It promotes a love of and confidence in reading, writing, analyzing, and sharing valuable information.

vii) Scientific Study/ It provides nourishment and exercise for the mind.

Or,

The importance of Scientific Study are -

i) Scientific Study teaches us how to think analytically.

ii) Scientific Study teaches us how to solve problems.

iii) Scientific Study has many benefits for young students.

iv) Scientific Study helps us live longer.

v) Scientific Study reduces child mortality.

vi) Scientific Study led to the creation of technologies we use every day.

vii) Scientific Study can combat climate change.

viii) Scientific Study can unlock the mysteries of the universe.

ix) Scientific Study careers pay well.

f. What sequential steps should be mentioned while writing a report of a practical work in the laboratory?

Answer: Following sequential steps should be mentioned while writing a report of a practical work in the laboratory:-

i) Topic.

ii) Objective.

iii) Materials required.

iv) Procedures.

v) Observation.

vi) Analysis.

vii) Calculation.

viii) Results.

ix) Conclusions.

x) Precautions.

g. What is a report? What is the importance of a report in a practical work?

Answer: The detailed document that describes the aim, materials, methods, process, progress, and results of a practical activity or the state of a technical or scientific research problem is called a report.

Or,

A report is a document that presents information in an organized format for a specific audience and purpose.

The importance of a report in a practical work are -

i) Decision making tool.

ii) Investigation.

iii) Evaluation.

iv) Development of skill.

v) Neutral presentation of fact.

vi) Professional advancement.

vii) Proper control.

viii) Encountering Advance and Complex solutions.